Oral implantology is the branch of dentistry that deals with replacing missing teeth with synthetic as many roots anchored in the bone that can support a single tooth, or groups of teeth may also act as support for a full denture (the so-called false teeth). should be noted that the use of the solution allows the implant to keep intact the natural teeth adjacent to the area to be closed because the prosthesis does not affect plants if at times even the natural teeth.
favorite plants now is pure titanium or an alloy of nickel and now we see why. Recall that when the body This is a foreign body, there may be a process of organization or an immune response (antigen-antibody).
The latter, also called the rejection reaction, occurs when the foreign body are proteins and thus has no place implant materials in which the proteins are absent.
Titanium also does not even cause foreign body reactions, but it establishes a direct connection with the bone that forms the basis of osseointegration, so the implant material is an important factor in achieving the organization between bone and implant.
Sometimes, however, in no more than 5% of cases, for reasons not are perfectly known and predictable, this process of direct connection between bone and implant is not the case when the system can not support the prosthesis and should be removed.
Many times it forms a fibrous tissue around the implant that is precisely responsible for a FIBROINTEGRAZIONE.
Frequently, at the discretion of the operator, you can replace the equipment lost by having a larger diameter.
titanium implants may also be coated with ceramic hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate ceramic) which is unable to induce any direct formation of bone (osseoinduzione), but can induce catabolisi processes (destruction) that involve the replacement by bone (osteoconduction). This
osteoconduction (abundant bone growth outside of the bone) can be observed even in the presence of other implant materials.
The only difference is that calcium and phosphate dell'idrossilapatite be part of the metabolism of the skeletal system.
Thus the stratification of titanium implants with hydroxylapatite ceramic is designed to combine the mechanical properties of titanium with a high possibility that the bone is generated on the ceramic surface. According to Osborn
implant materials with excellent biocompatibility not have many mechanical and vice versa.
To replace missing tissue (bone or gum) or even teeth can be used autologous material that is derived from the same human body that needs the transplant.
For example you can use bone in the iliac crest (hip) to increase the size of the bone that will anchor the prosthesis, reconstructive technique that has been proven clinically effective. You can also use bone "bank" taken from different individuals of our own species (counterpart material), or devitalized bone or other tissues from other species (heterologous material).
All these materials are TRANSPLANT while at the base of the systems are made exclusively with alloplastic materials that are essentially strangers, metals, mineral materials (ceramics in a broad sense) and synthetic materials.
The advantage of these substances is their almost unlimited availability, the absence of problems related to their removal as well as the ability to continuously improve their physical and chemical characteristics.
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